Oracle RAC 集群搭建初始化（三）

2020-12-20 乐帮网

oracle

在虚拟机上指定的CRS主机上安装好Oracle Linux7后，需要对系统环境做一系列准备以安装oracle grid相关组件。主要有以下部分

1、public-yum-ol7.repo

此文件是安装oracle rac的相关yum依赖文件，所有的public-yum-ol.repo相关依赖官方网址：http://public-yum.oracle.com/

在官网中我们可以找到系统对应的文件，例如我们系统是Oracle Linux7的，那么对应的文件路径是：http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo；

如果你的系统不是Oracle Linux系列的，或者是需要在离线状态下安装数据库环境，则需要访问：http://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/ 来手动下载相关依赖包。其实在我们安装的系统里已经默认携带相关软件环境，但是为了确保最新安全和稳定配置我们还是需要手动从网上安装一遍。

注意，如果是在离线的生产服务器上安装，可挂载Oracle Linux的ISO做为yum源，并适当修改的配置文件。以下是在能连接外网的条件下进行的。
为了确保最新，从网上再下载一次，（这里是针对oracle linux6的地址）命令行如下：

[root@oragrid ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@oragrid yum.repos.d]# ls
public-yum-ol7.repo
[root@oragrid yum.repos.d]# wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo

查看public-yum-ol6.repo 文件内容

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat public-yum-ol7.repo
[ol7_latest]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1

[ol7_u0_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever GA installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/0/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[ol7_UEKR3]
name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/UEKR3/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1

[ol7_optional_latest]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Optional Latest ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/optional/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[ol7_addons]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Add ons ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/addons/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[ol7_MySQL56]
name=MySQL 5.6 for Oracle Linux 7 ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/MySQL56/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[ol7_MySQL55]
name=MySQL 5.5 for Oracle Linux 7 ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/MySQL55/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

可以看到默认用的是last的Url。通过以下命令查看系统的版本(此处是旧系统中截图实际是7.0)

[root@oragrid yum.repos.d]# lsb_release -a
LSB Version:	:base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
Distributor ID:	OracleServer
Description:	Oracle Linux Server release 6.5
Release:	6.5
Codename:	n/a

这里查看到的版本和上面的url是对应的,在默认配置里用的是最新的(last)。

2、安装依赖包

使用 yum install 命令安装 oracle-validated RPM。

[root@oragrid yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-validated

静待完成。
然后输入如下命令：

[root@oragrid yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

遇到如下提示选择y回车

Is this ok [y/N]: y

静待完成。

以上过程可参考：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/articles/servers-storage-admin/ginnydbinstallonlinux6-1845247-zhs.html

不出意外输出窗口如下：

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-validated
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 12688.
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  The other application is: PackageKit
    Memory : 136 M RSS (537 MB VSZ)
    Started: Wed Dec 13 20:01:22 2017 - 27:19 ago
    State  : Sleeping, pid: 12688
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  The other application is: PackageKit
    Memory : 136 M RSS (537 MB VSZ)
    Started: Wed Dec 13 20:01:22 2017 - 27:21 ago
    State  : Sleeping, pid: 12688
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  The other application is: PackageKit
    Memory : 136 M RSS (537 MB VSZ)
    Started: Wed Dec 13 20:01:22 2017 - 27:23 ago
    State  : Sleeping, pid: 12688
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  The other application is: PackageKit
    Memory : 136 M RSS (537 MB VSZ)
    Started: Wed Dec 13 20:01:22 2017 - 27:25 ago
    State  : Sleeping, pid: 12688
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  The other application is: PackageKit
    Memory : 136 M RSS (537 MB VSZ)
    Started: Wed Dec 13 20:01:22 2017 - 27:27 ago
    State  : Sleeping, pid: 12688
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...
  The other application is: PackageKit
    Memory : 136 M RSS (537 MB VSZ)
    Started: Wed Dec 13 20:01:22 2017 - 27:29 ago
    State  : Sleeping, pid: 12688
^C

Exiting on user cancel.
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rm -f /var/run/yum.pid
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install oracle-validated
Loaded plugins: langpacks
No package oracle-validated available.
Error: Nothing to do
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]#  yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
Loaded plugins: langpacks
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-5.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: compat-libcap1 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: ksh for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libaio-devel for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-5.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: compat-libstdc++-33 for package: oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-5.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7 will be installed
---> Package compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7 will be installed
---> Package ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-34.el7 will be installed
---> Package libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libaio(x86-64) = 0.3.109-13.el7 for package: libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-12.el7 will be updated
---> Package libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7 will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

===================================================================================================================
 Package                                       Arch            Version                   Repository           Size
===================================================================================================================
Installing:
 oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall          x86_64          1.0-5.el7                 ol7_latest           21 k
Installing for dependencies:
 compat-libcap1                                x86_64          1.10-7.el7                ol7_latest           17 k
 compat-libstdc++-33                           x86_64          3.2.3-72.el7              ol7_latest          190 k
 ksh                                           x86_64          20120801-34.el7           ol7_latest          883 k
 libaio-devel                                  x86_64          0.3.109-13.el7            ol7_latest           12 k
Updating for dependencies:
 libaio                                        x86_64          0.3.109-13.el7            ol7_latest           24 k

Transaction Summary
===================================================================================================================
Install  1 Package  (+4 Dependent packages)
Upgrade             ( 1 Dependent package)

Total download size: 1.1 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
No Presto metadata available for ol7_latest
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7Server/ol7_latest/packages/compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, key ID ec551f03: NOKEY
Public key for compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(1/6): compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                 |  17 kB  00:00:00     
(2/6): compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64.rpm                                          | 190 kB  00:00:01     
(3/6): libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                     |  24 kB  00:00:00     
(4/6): libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64.rpm                                               |  12 kB  00:00:00     
(5/6): oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                            |  21 kB  00:00:00     
(6/6): ksh-20120801-34.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                       | 883 kB  00:00:01     
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                              393 kB/s | 1.1 MB  00:00:02     
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
Importing GPG key 0xEC551F03:
 Userid     : "Oracle OSS group (Open Source Software group) <build@oss.oracle.com>"
 Fingerprint: 4214 4123 fecf c55b 9086 313d 72f9 7b74 ec55 1f03
 Package    : 7:oraclelinux-release-7.0-1.0.3.el7.x86_64 (@anaconda/7.0)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Updating   : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64                                                                    1/7 
  Installing : libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64                                                              2/7 
  Installing : ksh-20120801-34.el7.x86_64                                                                      3/7 
  Installing : compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64                                                                4/7 
  Installing : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64                                                         5/7 
  Installing : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-5.el7.x86_64                                           6/7 
  Cleanup    : libaio-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64                                                                    7/7 
  Verifying  : oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall-1.0-5.el7.x86_64                                           1/7 
  Verifying  : compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64                                                         2/7 
  Verifying  : compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64                                                                3/7 
  Verifying  : libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64                                                              4/7 
  Verifying  : libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64                                                                    5/7 
  Verifying  : ksh-20120801-34.el7.x86_64                                                                      6/7 
  Verifying  : libaio-0.3.109-12.el7.x86_64                                                                    7/7 

Installed:
  oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall.x86_64 0:1.0-5.el7                                                          

Dependency Installed:
  compat-libcap1.x86_64 0:1.10-7.el7     compat-libstdc++-33.x86_64 0:3.2.3-72.el7   ksh.x86_64 0:20120801-34.el7  
  libaio-devel.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7  

Dependency Updated:
  libaio.x86_64 0:0.3.109-13.el7                                                                                   

Complete!

3、格式化硬盘

在服务器上执行如下脚本进行硬盘格式化。共三个盘需要格式化sdb,sdc,sdd

[root@localhost dev]# ls sd*
sda  sda1  sda2  sdb  sdc  sdd
[root@localhost dev]#  fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x5314c0fc.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): 
Using default response p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-209715199, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-209715199, default 209715199): 
Using default value 209715199
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 100 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

4、准备软件安装包

Oracle RAC需要提前下载好安装好，共三个文件

linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

下载地址：http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/112010-linx8664soft-100572.html

下载完成后分别上传至服务器。

原创作品禁止转载！

Oracle RAC 搭建系列目录:

Oracle RAC 集群搭建 NTP服务（一）

Oracle RAC 集群搭建 Oracle Linux crs主机（二）

Oracle RAC 集群搭建初始化（三）